People who are overweight are also more likely to develop cancer of the oesophagus or upper stomach.
The study, published in the British Journal of Cancer revealed those who reported being overweight at the age of 20 were about 60 to 80 per cent more likely to develop the disease in later life compared to people who maintain a healthy weight.
Researchers found people who gained more than three stone (20kg) during adulthood were also twice as likely to develop oesophageal cancer compared to people who had little weight change.
“This study highlights how weight gain over the course of our lives can increase the risk of developing these two cancer types, both of which have extremely poor survival,” said Dr Jessica Petrick, study author.
Around 5,600 people are diagnosed with oesophagus and upper stomach cancers in England every year.
Being overweight or obese is the single biggest preventable cause of cancer in the UK after smoking and contributes to around 18,100 cases of cancer every year.
Symptoms of stomach cancer include:
Persistent indigestion
Heartburn
Feeling full or bloated very quickly after eating
Pain in the stomach or breastbone
Difficulty swallowing
Vomiting
Feeling sick
In addition to cancers of the oesophagus and the upper stomach, it is linked to a range of other cancer types including bowel, breast, liver and pancreatic.
However Dr Petrick said: “Carrying excess weight can trigger long-term reflux problems and heartburn that can lead to cancer.”
Excess weight can also change the levels of sex hormones, such as oestrogen and testosterone, cause levels of insulin to rise and lead to inflammation.
Dr Petrick explained all of these factors have been associated with increased cancer risk.
The study, led by researchers from the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, US, pooled data from more than 400,000 people and analysed their reported height and weight at ages 20, 50, and at the time they gave the information.
The researchers then followed them up to see which people developed cancer of either the oesophagus or upper stomach.
Sarah Williams, from Cancer Research UK, said: “This study further highlights the importance of keeping a healthy weight throughout life to reduce the risk of developing these cancers.
“Small steps like taking the stairs more often, keeping an eye on portion sizes and switching to sugar-free drinks are simple things we can all do to help keep a healthy weight.”
“Participants were asked to recall what they weighed at different ages.
“Memories aren’t always accurate over long periods of time, so it will be interesting to see if these findings are backed up by future studies looking at lifetime weight gain and cancer risk in real time.”
NHS Choices said stomach cancer is much more common in older people, with 90 out of 100 cases occurring in people who are over 55 years of age.
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